Thomas Hobbes State of Nature

Thomas Hobbes’ â€Å"State of Nature† contention: Morality as an essential for serene social concurrence I have decided to expound on what Thomas Hobbes’ calls â€Å"The State of Nature† and how profound quality is required so as to keep up harmony among various social orders. I will start by quickly depicting â€Å"The State of Nature† contention and light up a portion of the fundamental highlights inside this hypothetical circumstance. At that point, using portions from Hobbes’ book The Leviathan I will give explicit realities in regards to the states of human life as communicated inside the province of nature.Next, I will show how these particular realities caused Hobbes’ to presume that human life inside the condition of nature will be managed by consistent dread of others, also called the â€Å"state of war†. I will at that point offer answers for people to get away from such a horrendous circumstance in light of the fact t hat most of people would find that life under steady dread of being hurt is inadmissible. Next, I will examine James Rachels’ convictions concerning the two principal conditions that would at last permit individuals to get away from the condition of nature by empowering people to work together.Lastly, I will clarify why by setting up these two basic conditions it adds up to an understanding, known as the implicit agreement, between individuals to comply with the fundamental guidelines of ethical quality; I will likewise characterize the term implicit understanding. The condition of nature contention recommends that individuals would normally do whatever was important to acquire their needs and wants without thinking about the outcomes of their activities; there are no inborn virtues that control people’s activities nor is there unadulterated acceptable or evil.Hobbes’ composes that profound quality tackles the issue of societies’ propensity of personal re sponsibility and is required so as to advance a sound, quiet condition for all individuals (Rachels, 80). Hobbes’ accepted that life as such would be short, hard, and terrible. He feared a real existence wherein there would be â€Å"no industry, no general public, no products, no letters, no expressions, and no record of time† (Rachels, 81/Excerpt from The Leviathan). There are four fundamental realities about existence which as per Hobbes’ would make life dreadful; they are the fairness of need, shortage, the basic uniformity of human force, and constrained benevolence (Rachels, 81).More explicitly, these four realities feature that all people require a similar essential things so as to endure, for example, food and asylum anyway the world isn't furnished with the correct measure of these required assets to flexibly all creatures with and nobody individual is qualified for a bigger portion of these merchandise than another individual since everybody is fit for being overwhelmed or outfoxed; in conclusion, this represents an issue since everybody will place the necessities of themselves above others in the midst of contention so all people must have the option to go to bat for themselves.No one individual is perpetually amazing than another person anyway a person’s want to control others represents a significant concern; Hobbes’ accepts that human life inside the condition of nature will be governed by steady dread of others. Hobbes’ states that the most exceedingly terrible outcome, stemming, of the condition of nature contention is the â€Å"continual dread and threat of brutal death† (Rachels, 81/Excerpt from The Leviathan). Hobbes kept up that the consistent to and fro intercession between the feeling of dread and the feeling of expectation is the characterizing standard of every single human activity. Either dread or expectation is available consistently in all people.In a celebrated section of Leviathan, H obbes expresses that the most noticeably awful part of the condition of nature is the â€Å"continual dread and risk of savage passing. † In the condition of nature, as Hobbes delineates it, people instinctively want to acquire as much force and â€Å"good† as possible, and there are no laws keeping them from hurting or executing others to accomplish what they want. In this manner, the condition of nature is a condition of steady war, wherein people live in never-ending apprehension of each other. This dread, in blend with their resources of reason, prompts men to adhere to the key law of nature and look for harmony among each other.Peace is achieved distinctly by meeting up to produce an implicit agreement, whereby men agree to being controlled in a region represented by one incomparable power. Dread makes the confusion endemic to the condition of nature, and dread maintains the tranquil request of the common province. The agreement that makes the region is fashioned due to people’s dread, and it is authorized by dread. Since the sovereign at the commonwealth’s head holds the ability to in essence rebuff any individual who breaks the agreement, the normal dread of such mischief propels subjects to maintain the agreement and submit to the sovereign’s will.

Multicultural Education versus the Common Culture

Modernized instruction especially makes it feasible for each person to create as a fine person that he should be. As an essential piece of the general public, every individual is qualified for training that is made to give him the required information that he should get for him to have a superior point of view.  Certainly, education’s principle point is to make an opportunities for every person to create as a fine individual from the human culture. The basic set-up of instruction has been started from the neighborhood based educating and learning process. The understudies are instructed by their instructors in a homeroom with which the understudies have a place with one race and are generally having a similar circumstance in a financial point of view. Be that as it may, the normal culture in giving instruction to the more youthful age of every human progress previously changed with the presentation of the new innovations and the cutting edge arrangement of economy as proposed by the worldwide exchange. Through the points of financial experts to make a worldwide market of individuals who are interconnected for the headway of worldwide economy, the presentation of current mechanical specialized gadgets were additionally made conceivable. The formation of system associations through the usage of Internet has been an essential consequence of the said globalization development. On the other substance of the circumstance, it could be seen that another consequence of the said development towards monetary advancement is that there are various migrants who pick to move puts or even nations to have the option to adapt up to the significant changes in the general public particularly with respects the financial advancement. Thus, a few homerooms around the globe are exposed to helping understudies from various societies, various races that are likewise having their own individual abilities according to based structure the race that they basically have a place with. Aside structure this, the essential subjects that used to be the main points that are examined inside the four dividers of the homeroom expanded and were included with specific social issues that basically concerns the multi-racial classes that they handle. Consequently, this paper will talk about the moral issues, the instructive issues and the instructing alterations that are taken by teachers in introducing their exercises to their classes. Thusly, the creator of this paper at that point plans to especially address the issues realized by modernization towards the normal culture that used to be the premise of information improvement during the previous many years of human culture. The significance of training in the human culture has for the most part made it an explanation of discussion among instruction lovers and specialists who are worried on which kind of instruction is in reality increasingly effective for the general public; normal culture training or the multicultural training, which is as of now a pattern in the field of instruction. To know the two sides of the contention, comprehending what the two ids of the discussion relate to, would help much in the freeing from the issue. What is the Common Culture about? For the most part, customary instructive establishments obviously manage the delineated exercises that should be educated to the understudies. This incorporates subjects, for example, Mathematics, Language, Science, Crafts or Home Economics and History. These specific subjects are instructed to a gathering of understudies who are originating from a similar race and are having a shared view. Thus, the focal point of the training is more on furnishing the understudies with the essential information that they have to acquire for preferable individual improvements rather over concentrating on the social inclusion of the youthful students. It is by the sketched out example of showing regular instruction that solitary the fundamental variables of life are educated to the understudies inside the study halls. While then again, the social recent developments are to be learned by the understudies on their own way as it is envisioned as a typical duty of people as significant pieces of the general public. As per the individuals who takes side in this piece of the issue, basic instruction enables the understudies to comprehend the exercises completely since they are approached to concentrate just on the most fundamental elements of training that they have to realize which are accepted to have an incredible effect upon their lives later on. (Civic chairman, 1992, 13) Besides, the contentions relate to the way that educators who are dispatched to train just dependent on normal culture instruction have a more noteworthy capacity of tending to their subjects all the more intently on the grounds that they are less compelled to make sure that the understudies are additionally ready to get a handle on different subjects that are included in multicultural training. (Cortes, 1976, 45) The Nature of Multicultural Education Due to the globalization development that is by and by adjusted to by various nations around the globe, movement has become a typical pattern particularly among business visionaries and different laborers who discover better lives in living abroad. Subsequently, instruction also has taken another face of improvement. In light of the said headways, the circumstance inside study halls turned into a blend of understudies from various races attempting to adapt up to the subjects that are instructed to them in an alternate setting when contrasted with their unique locality’s customary act of educating and teaching understudies. To help this specific certainty, the accompanying report relates to the way that migration is an extraordinary reason for social distinguishableness: â€Å"Most new workers to the United States are originating from Spanish speaking Latin American countries and from Asia as opposed to from Europe. Somewhere in the range of 1981 and 1990, 87% of the lawful foreigners to the United States originated from non-European countries while 10% originated from Europe. Most Asian migrants originated from China, Korea, the Philippines, and India while Mexico and countries in the Caribbean were driving wellsprings of workers from the Americas.† (U.S. Agency of the Census, 1994). Valid, numerous understudies in the United States alone originated from various races far and wide. Subsequently, to have the option to make a shared view among the understudies, the teaching of social investigations inside the educational plan is then acknowledged to be among the best act of showing socially separated understudies. Accordingly, Baker’s concentrate on the issue has the accompanying discoveries: â€Å"Teachers at present get themselves uncontrolled in an apparently unending ocean of school change writing and approaches. Besides, the regularly sharp, and progressively politicized open discussions about instructive issues (phonics versus entire language, submersion versus English as a subsequent language, essential aptitudes versus issue solving)†¦ these experts face extra difficulties, including neediness, brutality, stuffing, and gigantic administrations, which channel valuable vitality from the essential objective of opening students’ minds.† (Baker, 97, Internet) From the discoveries refered to above, it could be seen that one of the specific consequences of the said adjustment to multicultural-based learning is the pressure that is set upon the educators and the understudies. What's more, the subjects are multiplied and in this way more works and research should be finished, particularly centering upon get-togethers that are presently revealed. Surely, these circumstances inside the study halls makes it hard for the teachers and the students to get a handle on as much as possible with the heap of obligations that are required to them for learning their multi-social based subjects. In an increasingly succinct conversation, it could be seen that multicultural instruction just plans to take care of the requirements of the understudies of the current age. Since globalization made foreigners fly to various nations abroad, taking care of their needs as understudies is additionally basic for social turn of events. The Ethical Issues Despite the fact that the made educational plan for worldwide classes are intended to enable the understudies to comprehend mankind all in all and not as an individual race, it couldn't be denied that these specific subjects bring up the issues of separation between the understudies. Frequently than not, its either predominance or mediocrity that the understudies feel towards their own race whenever they are allowed to join global classes. As a matter of fact, the formation of worldwide learning classes intends to open up the brains of the understudies to the way that they are of an incredible significance to a developing society of a created human progress. This is the motivation behind why it is important to address morals inside the subjects that are instructed in homerooms. This is a direct result of the way that the exercises may address a few issues on the association of culture towards the specific moral acts of the general public. The instructors ought to painstakingly address this while helping their understudies comprehends the exercises that they should get a handle on. To have the option to abstain from being exposed to specific issues of morals and issues the same, it is proposed that the understudies are instructed about social equity beginning from their pre-school years. â€Å"Young kids can create stereotypic perspectives of societies unique in relation to their own when similitudes among all people are not accentuated. Instructors can help wipe out generalizations by introducing material and exercises that empower kids to become familiar with the similitudes everything being equal. Circle time is especially useful in this regard, as it gives kids a sentiment of gathering personality and acquaints them with the assortment of societies spoke to in the class (Dixon and Fraser, 1986). This recommendation would really work if the understudies are made to understand that segregation is a social disorder that keeps the human progress structure advancing to the best prospects that they could be, making their disparities work for social turn of events. The Involvement of Technology Innovation has an incredible job in giving understudies from various nations the instruction that they need t

Little Fish in a Big Sea

Little Fish in a Big Sea I wanted to make a blog post for anyone from a small town that is nervous about transitioning to a large university. I grew up in a town called Waterloo, Illinois, with a population of about 9,000 people. My graduating class had 150 students, so coming to the University of Illinois, where my class is upwards of 7,000 students, was a huge step for me. I had my doubts about how I was going to fit in at Illinois, but I quickly learned that being at a large university was exactly what I needed. No matter who you are or what you enjoy doing, there are people here that you will mesh well with. I mean, many students probably didnt have a drive-your-tractor-to-school day like my high school did, but honestly, Im perfectly okay with that. If anything, fitting in at the University of Illinois is even easier than in a small town. Here there are so many different groups and organizations where everyone can find their home. I, for one, joined a social fraternity where I met my best friends that will probably be standing beside me at my wedding one day. You will find your niche sooner than you think on campusâ€"especially since we have Quad Day before the semester even starts where you can sign up for all the organizations you are interested in! So the moral of the story is DONT PANIC.   You may be a small fish in a big sea, but with a big sea comes big possibilities! If you have any more questions about what its like being from a small town and coming to the University of Illinois, please feel free to comment and I will get back to you as soon as I can! Alec Class of 2019 I'm double majoring in Economics and Political Science in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. I'm from a small town across the river from St. Louis called Waterloo, Illinois.

The Industrial Revolution During The Nineteenth Century Essay

In the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century of England, the Industrial Revolution occurred. It is marked as an important movement in history because it introduced steam-driven machinery, large factories, and a new working class. With new manufacturing, job opportunities opened up. As the demand for employees rose, that is when the working class also began to rise. However, it not only included adults but children as well. The main reason for children to work is because it benefits the employers and their families economically. Employers made profit by having children work for low wages, and the money the children made would go towards the family income and necessities to survive. The low adult wages would not suffice for a neutral family or extended, so children had no choice but to work and help support their family. Although in need of money, there were too many dangers involved when the children were working. As a result of this, the state legislation had Acts pass ed for the children’s safety. The Industrial Revolution had many upsides in modernizing England, but it also uncovered that children should not be seen as workers needing money, but as young human beings that need education and protection, and the only way to initiate this is with the involvement of the state. During the pre-Industrial Revolution, many children worked on the farms alongside their family members. A child working in the fields was not a problem at the time because it was normalShow MoreRelatedThe Industrial Revolution During The Nineteenth Century913 Words   |  4 PagesIn the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the industrial revolution was a period when English society experienced a radical shift in terms of industrial expertise. T. S. Ashton, former University of London Economic History Professor, supports this statement saying, â€Å"The industrial revolution was in part cause, and in part effect, of a heightening and extension of the principle of specialization† (The Industrial Revolution 15). England experienced an extreme period of product specialization withinRead More The European Expansion and its Effects on the World Essay1260 Words   |  6 Pagesscientific revolution was fueled by the blending of â€Å"liberal† and â€Å"servile† arts, in other words, science and technology. Because of the European expansion taking place throughout the world, new commerce and industries were advancing, creating the need for new technology and science. The theories and inventions that Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton provided were the fist major advances during the scientific revolution, and perhaps were the most profound. The European expansion during the 15th andRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Of The 19th Century927 Words   |  4 PagesEurope in the nineteenth-century was rapidly evolving into a more modernized society, and many political and cultural ideas were developing during this change. The Industrial Revolution triggered an enormous increase of the standard of living throughout most of Europe and North America. The transformation from the old style of hand made production to the new factory system caused many industries to build factories. This caused many people of the working class to move to the factories in search ofRead MoreIndustrial Revolution Impact On Western Society1521 Words   |  7 Pageseasily be seen that the Industrial Revolution is one of the most significant events in the formation of Western Society. During the period from 1780 to 1850 (Sherman and Salisbury 517), there were many technological advances made, and this period is known as the Industrial Revolution. The Re volution prompted massive economic growth, urbanization, changes in gender roles, and paved the way for the development of the modern Western society. Although the Scientific Revolution allowed for the innovationRead MoreImpact Of Industrialisation On Patterns Of Urban Development1498 Words   |  6 Pagesin nineteenth century Europe Urbanization is defined as an omnipresent process during which a primary and rural society revolves gradually into a cultivated and industrious one. The linkage between industrialization and urban growth defies an explicit description it is tight and visible, but cannot be simply reduced to direct linearity. It is well known that many small African countries have initiated or accomplished low-level urbanization without economic growth. Roughly without industrial revolutionRead MoreModern Culture Is Inevitable, By John Storey And The Invention Of The English Christmas1196 Words   |  5 PagesEvolution of culture is inevitable, as shown in John Storey’s articles, Inventing Opera as art in Nineteenth-Century Manchester and The Invention of the English Christmas. Within both articles, Storey showcases the transformation of culture, with the opera from low-class entertainment to high-class art and Christmas transforming from a religious centered event to a capitalism driven day. Both articles look at class hierarchy, the rise of materialism and accessibility. While both of Storey s articlesRead MorePositive Aspects Compared to the Negative Aspects of the Industrial Revolution1404 Words   |  6 PagesThe era known as the Industrial Revolution was a period in which fundamental changes occurred in agriculture, textile and metal manufacture, transportation, economic policies and the social structure in England. It is almost impossible to imagine what the world would be like if the effects of the Industrial Revolution were swept away. Electric lights would go out. Automobiles and airplanes would vanish. Telephones, radios, and television would disappear. Most of the stocks on the shelves of departmentRead MoreLabor and Industrialization in American History Essay663 Words   |  3 Pagesused in reference to the industrial revolution during which America’s industrial growth led to the growth of factories and modern cities, the development of social class es due to division of labor and race. During this period, the American labor force transformed tremendously as the nation evolved from a largely agricultural society into a relatively modern society. Role of Labor Force in the Transition from Agriculture to Industrialization Until the late nineteenth century, the United States wasRead MoreEssay on Women in the Second Industrial Revolution1055 Words   |  5 PagesSecond Industrial Revolution The Second Industrial Revolution had a major impact on womens lives. After being controlled fro so long women were experiencing what it was like to live an independent life. In the late nineteenth century women were participating in a variety of experiences, such as social disabilities confronted by all women, new employment patterns, and working class poverty and prostitution. These experiences will show how women were perceived in the Second Industrial RevolutionRead MoreAmeric A Agricultural Society Into And An Industrial Giant1029 Words   |  5 PagesThrough out the the centuries America has envolved from a agricultural society into and an industrial giant. Some of the way it has envolved is culturally ,political and economically.America has envolved from a agricultural society into and an industrial giant culturally by immagrantion.America has envolved from a agricultural society into and an industrial giant political. America has envolved from a agricultural society i nto and an industrial giant culturally by immagrantion.America has envolved

Economics of Development Free Essay Example, 1750 words

This paper illustrates that one of the frequent reasons for business failure is poor management and insufficient and poor management of financing comes second. For starting or relocating or expanding a business sufficient capital is required. Having good financing is not enough in attaining profits; proper knowledge and planning are required to manage it well. These help in strengthening the management of financing and avoid common mistakes like miscalculating or underestimating the cost. The Income Statement presents the summary of the income earned and the expenses incurred during a financial year. Position statement presents the financial position of the business at the end of the year. By Financial Statements, we mean two statements (i) Profit and loss A/c or Income Statement, and (ii) Balance Sheet or Position Statements. These are prepared at the end of a given period of time. They are indicators of profitability and financial soundness of the business concern. Thus, analy sis of Financial Statement means establishing the meaningful relationship between various items of the two financial statements, i.e. , income statement and position statement. Loan application should be well written so that the reader could get a clear picture of what your plans are. We will write a custom essay sample on Economics of Development or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Care should be taken that the financial statements are not older than 90 days and financial statements of all principal owners and guarantors should be included. A copy of last year s income tax return should also be included.

Frankenstein Research Paper Free Essays

Anastasia Shevchenko Professor Patricia Barker English 1302 15 November 2013 Frankenstein In Marry Shelleys Frankenstein, Victor and the monster share similar nature. Throughout the story, Victor Frankenstein and his creation share hatred towards one another. The two characters have the same objective that they are trying to achieve. We will write a custom essay sample on Frankenstein Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now They each not only value their learning through reading, but appreciate the natural world to help them cope, and have a craving for revenge when they feel it is necessary. While reading the story, the reader can see similarities between Frankenstein and the monster’s eagerness for knowledge, gratefulness for nature, and devotion for revenge. As a young boy Frankenstein enjoyed learning new things. Victor’s determined character was what begins his disintegration. In Victor’s younger days, he enjoyed reading the books of Cornelius Agrippa. After reading these books, Victor had a different view of the world. Victor’s parents thought that he should attend the University of Ingolstadt to expand his cultural knowledge, although Victor at the time was attending the schools of Geneva. When I had attained the age of seventeen, my arents resolved that I should become a student at the University of Ingolstadt. I had hitherto attended the schools of Geneva; but my father thought it necessary, for the completion of my education, that I should be made acquainted with other customs than those of my native country’ (Shelley 25). This inspired the young Victor to attend the University of Ingolstadt to study science. â€Å"His mother’s death causes him to delay his departure by many months, but once at the university, Victor spends two years studying chemistry under the direction of M. Waldman and M. Krempe† (Guyer). In addition, the monster himself enjoyed to learn new things. From the very first day of being created, the monster had a desire to understand the way the world worked. Just as Victor had once done, the monster came upon three books. The Sorrows of Werter, a volume of Plutarch’s Lives, and Paradise Lost were the three books that helped the monster open up his mind to the knowledge that these books had to offer him. â€Å"l learned from Werter’s imaginations despondency and gloom: but Plutarch taught me high thoughts; he elevated me above the wretched sphere of my own reflections, to admire and love the heroes of past ages†¦ But Paradise Lost excited ifferent and far deeper emotions† (89-90). These books shaped how the monster viewed the world around him. The monster did not only learn through reading but from the cottagers as well. â€Å"It impressed me deeply. I learned, from the views of social life which it developed, to admire their virtues, and to deprecate the vices of mankind† (88). Victor and his creation both had the passion for learning; this is what would eventually lead to their destruction. Similar to Victor, the monster appreciated nature. They both enjoyed the views of nature; it had the effect to be able to calm them down in the awful situations. After he murder ot Victor’s son, William, Victor still tound peacetulness upon looking at the mountains. â€Å"Dear mountains! My own beautiful lake! how do you welcome your wanderer? Your summits are clear; the sky and lake are blue and placid. Is this to prognosticate peace, or to mock at my unhappiness? † (55). â€Å"The call–a version of the lyric gesture of addressing the earth with the assumption that it can respond– establishes a relation of nativity and origination: Victor is the mountains’ as they are his. He identifies the calm landscape as a response, but an enigmatic response that he is unable to interpret† (Guyer). Also, after gazing out the window for hours Victor â€Å"felt the silence, although I was hardly conscious of its extreme profundity’ (120). â€Å"The sublime mountainscape gives Victor a feeling of potential freedom and of mastery; however, in order to live that freedom he will have to free himself from the dead who haunt him, a freedom that may be possible only in death. Victor calls upon the dead and presents them with an alternative–give me happiness or death† (Guyer). Victor’s creation always lived alone, and in that state of loneliness he found comfort in the natural environment he resided in. Soon after the creature was created he had a ifficult time remembering the original era of his being. All of a sudden â€Å"a strange multiplicity of sensations seized me, and I saw, felt, heard, and smelt, at the same time†¦ † (70). At first, the monster was surprised when spring came and he saw nature begin to bloom. His senses heightened and became revived. â€Å"It surprised me, that what before was desert and gloomy should now bloom with the most beautiful flowers and verdure. My senses were gratified and refreshed by a thousand scents of delight, and a thousand sights of beauty’ (80). Victor and the creature shared a love for nature and the way it could soothe them. While loneliness filled their hearts and souls, Victor and the monster both turned to nature for refuge. As the reader gets deeper in to the story, one begins to notice that both Victor and his creation were filled with a voracious reprisal. After the monster found victor in his room he was filled with anger miou have destroyed the work which you began; what is it that you intend? † (120). In addition, the monster asked â€Å"endured incalculable fatigue, and cold, and hunger; do you dare destroy my hopes? † (120). Subsequent to the monster braking in to Victor’s room and escaping in his own boat, Victor was filled with rage. The night passed away, and the sun rose from the ocean; my feelings became calmer, if it may be called calmness, when the violence of rage sinks into the depths of despair† (121). One main event that started the quench for the undying hatred and sorrow was the death of Victor’s son, William. The monster decided to give the humans one last chance. When he stumbled upon a child, â€Å"suddenly, as I gazed on him, an idea seized me, that this little creature was unprejudiced, and had lived too short of a time to have imbibed a horror of deformity’ (100). Soon after his encounter with the child, the monster realized that the young boy was Just like veryone else he has met. â€Å"Hideous monster! Let me go; my papa is a Syndic-he is M. Frankenstein-he would punish you. You dare not keep me† (100). The creature also learned that the child he gave one last chance to was the son of Victor Frankenstein. â€Å"Frankenstein! ou belong then to my enemy-to him towards whom I have sworn eternal revenge; you shall be my first victim† (100). Soon after the creature strangled the child, he saw something on his chest, it was a picture of a beautiful woman â€Å"For a few moments I gazed with delight on her dark eyes, fringed by deep lashes, and her lovely lips; but presently my rage returned:† (100). This is when t he monsters downfall began. â€Å"It is thus that, too often in society, those who are best qualified to be its benefactors and its ornaments, are branded by some accident with scorn, and changed, by neglect and solitude of heart, into a scourge and a curse† (Shelley). The creation wanted revenge on Victor because he felt neglected and abandoned. â€Å"Frankenstein’s moral failure is his heedless pursuit to know all that he might about life without taking any responsibility for his acts. His â€Å"sin† is not solely in creating the monster, but in abandoning him to orphanhood at his birth† (Griffith). As a result, the ctions of the two characters in the course of the novel become very apparent to the reader that both Victor and his creation live for revenge. After reading the literature the reader can effortlessly identify the similar characteristics between Victor Frankenstein and his creation. They both had the desire to expand their knowledge and learn new things. Each one of them read different books that changed the way they viewed the world. They were each mesmerized by the world’s natural beauty and what it could bring them. Victor and his creation both turned to nature that helped them during the most gloomy time. Even though they were able to see the beauty in the world, each one of them had a dark side. Victor abandoned his creation right after he was created. The monster himself later killed a lot of people do to neglect. They both sought revenge. Victor wanted to kill the monster for destroying his family, the monster after being neglected by his creator and all the people he had met, decided he wasn’t going to give the human raise another chance after being rejected by the little boy who he thought was unprejudiced. With as many differences that Victor and the monster have, knowledge, nature, and revenge will always be common factors that they hare. How to cite Frankenstein Research Paper, Essays

Pest Analysis free essay sample

Situational Analysis The PEST analysis is a useful tool for understanding market growth or decline, and as such the position, potential and direction for a business. A PEST analysis is a business measurement tool. PEST is an acronym for Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors, which are used to assess the market for a business or organizational unit. In brief the PEST analysis describes a framework of macro-environmental scanning component of strategic management. Royal Platinum Travel PEST analysis is illustrated in the table below Fig 3. 1 POLITICAL FACTORSECONOMICAL FACTORSSOCIAL FACTORSTECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS Trade restrictionsEconomic GrowthPopulation growth rateResearch and development activity Tax policyExchange ratesCarrier AttitudesTechnological Shifts Environmental lawsInterest ratesCultural AspectsAutomation Labour lawsInflation ratesHealth Consciousness TariffsGeneral TaxationLifestyle trends Political Instability Current Legislation The table above shows Royal Platinum Travel’s PEST analysis even though some of the factors were not stated and can be addressed in a PESTEL analysis where the extra â€Å"E† stands for Environmental factors such as weather and climate and these have affected Royal Platinum Travel in divisions such as Sales since unanticipated rains hinder travelling to desired destinations which could have been successfully held by the division. If its leading product, instant noodles, is to be classified as a â€Å"fast food†, the brand may be faced with an advertising ban and forced to explore alternative promotional channels once the mass media options are closed to it. However, this move towards greater health consciousness and nutritional awareness has been a gradual trend. As one of Malaysias largest food producers, we constantly manage and improve our material emission and waste standards. Independent verifications have been performed to ascertain that our emission levels are in compliance with the Malaysian Environmental Quality Act (Clean Air as well as Sewage Industrial Effluents) regulations. ii) Economic The global economy in the year 2009 began stabilising in the second half after governments worldwide intervened with stimulus plans. Some economies picked up earlier, particularly those within the Asian region; proving themselves to be more resilient to the downturn than initially feared. Likewise in Malaysia, the economy showed signs of recovery toward the end of FY2009, with Gross Domestic Product (â€Å"GDP†) rising by 4. 6% in the fourth quarter compared to the same quarter of the previous year. FY2009 was another record year for the MDD Group a feat considering the challenging economic conditions. According to the 2009 Bank Negara Malaysia Annual Report, the food, beverages and tobacco industry helped sustain the domestic consumer demand, especially food products. The industry ended the year on a positive note as output picked up by year-end. iii) Social Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) MDD are constantly striving to reach out to the community, and this goes beyond tailoring company’s products to consumer taste or ensuring offerings reach the farthest corners of the globe. MDD too engage in community building and the fostering of moral values. MDD also committed to protecting the environment for the benefit of the younger generations. MDD manage the usage of recyclable materials, energy, water, emissions, effluent and waste to the approval of independent bodies and conform to the Malaysian Environmental Quality Regulations. MDD reached out to the underprivileged communities that they felt deserved their immediate attention, especially those who require dialysis care and children in need. MDD are committed to being a socially responsible company that endeavours to give back to the communities that the company operates in. MDD constantly strive to be able to improve the lives of the less fortunate, while ncouraging all employees to take a hands on approach to company social responsibility initiatives. Caring, committed employees are the hallmark of a holistically successful organization and as a Malaysian entity, MDD are proud to be able to provide for the underprivileged in the society. Yayasan Mamee On Jan 1 2010, MDD have set up the Yayasan Mamee, and have pledged an initial RM2 million to need the foundation. Ya yasan Mamee is the main benefactor to Yayasan Toh Puan Zurina, which is a foundation that cares for the needs of underprivileged dialysis patients. In 2009, MDD set up Yayasan with an initial contribution of RM800,000 which went towards the construction and upkeep of the centre, 10 dialysis machines as well as maintenance of trained medical staff. So far, MDD have extended free dialysis treatment and medicines to 5 End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients, and hope to extend to reach more patients in need in 2010. Caring for Children In 2009, the staff and management of MDD organized a series of visits to orphanages during festive periods, including Hari Raya, Chinese New Year and Deepavali. Gifts of hampers or ‘ang pows are handed out to children, and staff are encouraged to spend time with the children to bring them a little festive joy. There are also plans in the pipeline to set up a Scholarship Fund to look into the educational needs of deserving students from primary and secondary schools all over Malaysia. . Reduce, Recycle, Reuse In 2009, MDD led the way into the green future by recycling emission gases from company production plants into viable sources of energy that were converted back into power for plants. This reduction of waste also translates into a more efficient way of conserving energy, and will form the basis for company commitment to environmental conservation and responsible manufacturing. iv) Technology The Group remains committed to RD endeavour to develop new wellness products that are nutritious to appeal to the target consumers. Its RD department is manned by 13 full-time staff and plays a crucial role in product improvement and new product development to achieve the company’s export objectives. MDD factories have received prestigious industry certifications such as ISO 9002, ISO 9001 and HACCP, while the company’s flagship brands such as Mister Potato Crisps and Nutrigen Liteyo have been honoured with local accolades. In 2004, its subsidiary, Pacific Food Products Sdn Bhd was awarded a Brand Promotion Grant of RM2 million by MATRADE to promote the Mamee brand in the export market. Being a fast growing organization with far-flung operational centre, multiple product lines and distribution channels, MDD have upgraded its IT implementation systems, in order to shorten decision making time and ensure better and more accurate decisions. MDD put its trust in SAP and credit the SAP ERP solution to a great extent with helping to quadruple revenues from 2002 till now. According to Pang, MDD achieved greater transparency of its internal processes in its day-to-day operations. This was crucial as the company became increasingly geographically diverse and its organizational size grew. This system improved the organization of MDDs database, particularly in the areas of cost analysis, customer service and reporting transparency. MDD also plan to further implement an ERP and MRP solution to even better link up with suppliers and distributors.

Women in Mathematics Essay Example Essay Example

Women in Mathematics Essay Example Paper Women in Mathematics Essay Introduction Women in Mathematics Every human is created with a gift of some sort. Whether it is an athletic ability, a wonderful singing voice, or an ability to relate to other individuals, every one has a special gifting. For many women in history, their ability was deciphering and understanding the intricacies of math. Although various cultures discouraged women mathematicians, these women were able to re-define the standards for women in this field of study. Hypatia of Alexandria was born in Roman Egypt and was the daughter of a teacher of mathematics, Theon of Alexandria. Hypatia studied with her father as well as with many other mathematicians. When she was older, she taught at the Neoplatonist school of philosophy. She wrote on mathematics, philosophy, as well as anatomy. Her studies covered the motion of the planets, conic sections, and number theory, which is â€Å"one of the oldest branches of pure mathematics, and one of the largest. It concerns questions about numbers, typically mean ing whole numbers as well as rational numbers. Although little information about Hypatia survives, it has been discovered that she was a very popular lecturer that drew students from various locations. Women in Mathematics Essay Body Paragraphs She is known for her invention of the plane astrolabe, which is an elaborate inclinometer with the ability to locate and predict the locations of the sun, moon, planets, and stars and the graduated brass hydrometer which was used to determine the relative density or specific gravity of liquids. Hypatia’s teachings were not accepted by the Christian bishop, Cyril due to her pagan beliefs. His public dislike towards her is said to have been the cause of the attack by a mob that lead to her death. Most of her work was destroyed when the library of Alexandria was burned by the Arab conquerors, however, her studies have been discovered through the work of others who quoted her as well as through letters. I believe Hypatia was one of the first inspirational women mathematicians. Despite the danger she knew she was facing, she chose to do what she enjoyed. Elena Cornaro Piscopia was born in 1646 in Venice into the family of a public official. Her father provided the means of educatio n to his children. Elena was recognized as a child prodigy when she was seven years old by a parish priest. She then began to study theology, mathematics, Latin, Greek, and music. Clerics, royals, and scientists came to Venice to speak with her due to the widespread attraction of her achievements. As she grew older, Elena was the first woman to apply in theology at a university in Italy. She was also the first woman to earn a doctoral degree. After receiving her master’s and doctorate degrees in philosophy, she went on to become a lecturer in mathematics at the University of Padua until her death in 1684. Although she is not famous for discovering any particular math problem, she was very influential in her time and inspired many other women to pursue mathematics. Maria Agnesi was born in Italy in 1718 and was the daughter of Pietro Agnesi, a wealthy nobleman and professor of mathematics. Maria, like Elena, was recognized as a child prodigy and was taught five languages. Her father invited his colleagues over for Maria to present speeches to. By the age of 13 Maria was able to debate in French, Spanish, and Latin. Although Maria did not enjoy giving the speeches, she continued until the age of twenty. That year, Maria made a compilation of the speeches she had given over the years and published them in Latin. The title of the compilations in English is â€Å"Philosophical Propositions. † The topics included celestial mechanics, which refers to the branch of astronomy that deals with the motions of celestial objects and applies to the field of physics, Isaac Newton’s Gravitation Theory that states that any two objects in the universe exert gravitational attraction on each other, and elasticity. Maria’s father married twice after the death of her mother, causing her to be the eldest of 21 children. She was required to provide education to her siblings. Maria wrote a mathematics textbook over the course of ten years which was titledâ⠂¬  Instituzioni Analitiche† which was published in 1748 in two volumes. The first volume contained information on algebra, arithmetic, trigonometry, analytic geometry, and calculus. The second covered infinite series and differential equations. Due to her ability to understand many languages, Maria was able to bring together various ideas from mathematicians of all cultures. The name â€Å"witch of Agnesi† refers to a mathematical problem of finding the equation for a certain bell-shaped curve which was named after her by English mathematician John Colson. When Maria’s father passed in 1752, Maria discontinued the education she had been providing to her siblings and devoted her life to helping the less fortunate. I found Maria’s story to be very admirable due to the extreme selflessness she possessed. Although she desired to further her mathematical studies, she spent a large portion of her life educating her younger siblings, and spent the remaining tim e devoted to the poor. Sophie Germain was born in France in 1776 and was the daughter of Ambroise-Francois Germain, who was a wealthy middle class silk merchant and a French politician. During Sophie’s childhood, the French Revolution was occurring, so Sophie was kept isolated from the chaos by staying in her home with her two sisters. She chose to pass the time by reading through the books in her father’s extended library. Sophie was particularly fond of the story of Archimedes of Syracuse who was killed while reading geometry. To see a man so captivated by a subject influenced her to pursue math. Sophie taught mathematics to herself in her native language as well as in Latin and Greek so as to be able to gain understanding from a wider range of mathematic books. Her family was not particularly fond of her studying, but she was so enthralled by mathematics that she studied at night until her family accepted what she loved. In eighteenth century France, women were not normally accepted into universities, however, Sophie was able to borrow the notes from mathematic professors and was able to send comments about the work to the professors by hiding behind the pseudonym of a male, â€Å"M. e Blanc. † Sophie Germain studied number theory and Chladni figures, which is a technique that shows the various modes of vibration of a rigid surface. Her study of these figures was the foundation to the mathematics used today when constructing skyscrapers. Her study of number theory lead to partial progress on Fermat’s Last Theorem, which states that if x, y, z, and n are integers then xn + yn = zn cannot be solved for any n greater than 2. Sophie was able to show that for prime exponents less than 100, there could be no solutions relatively prime to the exponent of that number. After this work, she was accepted into sessions at the Institut de France and became the first woman with this privilege. She died in 1831 of breast cancer. I believe Sophi e is inspirational due to her extreme intelligence by finding an addition to Fermat’s two-century’s old theorem. Had she not been diligent in pursuing mathematics although it was inconvenient, she would have never been presented the opportunity to impart such knowledge into history. Sonya Kovalevskaya was drawn to mathematics in a rather peculiar way. As a young child, born in 1850 in Russia, Sonya was mesmerized by the lecture notes of Mikhail Ostrogradsky on differential and integral calculus that made up the wallpaper of her family’s estate. Sonya’s father did not allow her to study mathematics abroad, and Russia did not allow women to attend the universities, thus Sonya was forced to find an alternative means of furthering her education. She entered into a marriage of convenience with Vladimir Kovalensky, and left Russia with him and her sister. Sonya went on to Heidelberg where she was granted permission to study at the university. Two years later, s he went on to study mathematics with Karl Weierstrass who assisted her in pursuing a degree in mathematics. Sonya’s dissertation on partial differential equations, which refers to an equation that contains unknown multivariable functions and their partial derivatives, resulted in receiving a doctorate without having attended any class at the university and is today called the Cauch-Kovelevskaya Theorem. Sonya was also awarded with the Prix Bordin from the French Academie Royale des Sciences for her research over how Saturn’s rings rotated, now referred to as the Kovelevskaya top. She also was appointed to a chair at the Swedish Academy of Sciences- making her the first woman to receive this title. I believe her story is especially inspirational due to her ground-breaking achievements including titles and positions that had never been awarded to women before. All of these women pioneers of mathematics teach a very valuable lesson. The culture during the time of these fi ve particular women did not accept the studies that these mathematicians longed to be educated in. Their extreme ability, or gifting, of solving problems and assembling theorems was not only widely unaccepted, it was also widely unappreciated. Even after the accomplishments of these women, their work is often undermined. In the midst of opposing forces telling them they should not, or even could not go into the field of mathematics, they believed in their ability enough to pursue it whole-heartedly and in return, they have left a legacy and have inspired women to fight what is culturally accepted to follow what is in your heart, and the things for which you have a particular talent in. Citations Lewis, Jone J. â€Å"Women in MathematicsHistory. † About. com Women’s History. N. p. , n. d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. Lewis, Jone J. â€Å"Hypatia Of Alexandria. † About. com Women’s History. N. p. , n. d. Web. 11 Mar. 2013. â€Å"11: Number Theory. † 11: Number Theory. Ed. Dave Rusin. N. p. , 02 July 2006. Web. 12 Mar. 2013. Swift, Amanda. â€Å"Sophie Germain. † Sophie Germain. N. p. , Apr. 1995. Web. 12 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Partial Differential Equation. † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 14 Mar. 2013. Web. 12 Mar. 2013. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Mathematics Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Mathematics Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Mathematics Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Facts and Figures About Nouns in English

Facts and Figures About Nouns in English In this edition of Language Notes, we turn our attention to the naming part of speech: nouns. Common NounsHere, according to researchers at Oxford University Press, are the ten most frequently used nouns in English:timepersonyearwaydaythingmanworldlifehandWoman comes in at number 14, work at 15, and war at 49. Neither play nor peace, unfortunately, is ranked in the top 100. The 2006 study was based on analysis of the more than one billion words in the Oxford English Corpus. NominalizationIts not hard to manufacture nouns in English. For instance, adding -ing to a verb creates a noun (or, more precisely, a gerund): Winning isnt everything, Waiting can be painful, Good eating deserves good drinking. Likewise, adding a suffix such as -ness or -ity to an adjective can turn it into a noun: Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles. And simply putting the definite article the before an adjective also does the trick: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. Noun StackingAnother way to multiply nouns is to string two or three together, as in precipitation event or interrogation en hancement techniques. Such nounism, says William Zinsser, is a new American disease (though it appears to have spread overseas as well): Today as many as four or five concept nouns will attach themselves to each other, like a molecule chain. Heres a brilliant specimen I recently found: Communication facilitation skills development intervention. Not a person in sight, or a working verb. I think its a program to help students write better (On Writing Well, Collins, 2006). Supersized NounsIn his delightful book When You Catch an Adjective, Kill It (Broadway Books, 2007), Ben Yagoda calls attention to another unfortunate nominal trend: the needless expansion of nouns and the growing reliance on polysyllabic synonyms, apparently in the belief that the longer the word, the better. Thus, utilization is preferred to use, signage to signs, andmy pet peevetransparency to openness. Not a Single SmithereenThe Latin phrase plurale tantum (plural only) refers to any noun that appears only in the plural and has no singular form: jeans, for example, and tweezers and underpants. In Crazy English: The Ultimate Joy Ride Through Our Language (Pocket Books, 1989), Richard Lederer asks, Doesnt it seem just a little loopy that we can make amends but never just one amend; that no matter how carefully we comb through the annals of history, we can never discover just one annal; that we can never pull a shenanigan, be in a doldrum, eat an egg Benedict, or get just one jitter , a willy, a delirium tremen, or a heebie-jeebie? Why, sifting through the wreckage of a disaster, can we never find just one smithereen? And in case you were wondering . . .Yes, theres also a term for a noun that appears only in the singular form: singulare tantum. In this category we find mass nouns (also known as noncount nouns), such as mud, knowledge, spaghetti, and (coming in at number 15 on the list of the most common nouns in English) work. To continue this investigation of the most prolific part of speech, visit our glossary entry for noun. Also see our List of 100 Irregular Plural Nouns in English and our  Exercise in Identifying Nouns.

Discuss the historical poetics relation with The Devil's Backbone, Essay

Discuss the historical poetics relation with The Devil's Backbone, focus on two close analysis of two sequences - Essay Example The method of production itself includes the principles that determine how the project was composed, the effects, functions and uses of the project and the basic rules that govern cinematography and how they have been applied in the film. The historical poetics of a film mainly seeks to answer two main questions: Horror films are a multifaceted construct whose development and poetics are shaped by a wide array of artistic and historical factors, such that they can only be completely appreciated by considering influences and its predecessors. Apart from this, it is also important to assess the aesthetic distinction employed in these films in the historical and cultural setting that shape them (Gomez-Castellano, 2013). According to LÃ ¡zaro-Reboll (2007, pp.39), Horror is a literary prose described by three important factors, artistic intent (triggering suspense, terror or fear), specific themes (the discord between natural and supernatural), and sufficient motifs (involving presentation of otherness as compared to the norm). Historical poetics is regarded as the outcome of assimilating the director’s poetics with particular artistic and literary influences that affect the fears prevailing in particular periods as well as the form in which they are represented. In the devil’s backbone, various constructional principles have been utilized to make it a truly poetic film. The opening sequence of the film presents a good understanding of historical poetics through symbolism and imagery. In this sequence, a voice over narration plays over the death of Santi and the falling bomb. The narration brings on an argument of what a ghost is. The film then presents a disturbing image of a deformed baby inside a jar suspended in fluid. In the voice over narration, the director uses a rhetoric that strives to gain the audience’s agreement to the

This ERP case study on why and how Peet's chose its ERP system and Essay

This ERP case study on why and how Peet's chose its ERP system and executed the implementation in less than two years begins her - Essay Example After a careful analysis, it has been concluded that implementing a new ERP system is an effective strategy that would be beneficial for the company in various ways, ensuring that the loopholes are eliminated right from the root from where they surfaced. The case study report would reason the adopting and implementing the second option alongside highlighting the advantages of purchasing and implementing new ERP system. In addition to that, the challenges that a company would face while implementing such a system will also be discussed. Finally, an overall conclusion and recommendation will be provided suggesting the ways to tackle such challenges and maintaining the efficiency of the business operations carried out within the organization. Table of Contents Introduction 4 Discussion 4 Advantages of implementing the ERP system 6 Challenges that might occur because of implementing the ERP system 7 Reference List 9 Introduction The report will involve a thorough analysis of the case stu dy in order to determine an optimum choice that can be adopted as a recommended course action. The case studied involves the issues that were recently faced by Peet’s Coffee and Tea. The case study highlighted the inability of the older system or resource management, implemented by the organization, to keep up with the demands placed on them. The problems that surfaced from such a system was not only limited to improper inventory management, but also went to the extent of an improper order management and procurements and other financial activities. Thus, these issues that surfaced called for the necessity to send out a request for proposal (RFP). It was a critical time within the company’s history that necessitated coming up with an optimal course of action that would either focus on modifying the existing system that prevailed within the organization or would establish a new Enterprise resource planning systems that can be implemented efficiently. Thus, the following sections would involve the discussion regarding the alternative options available at the company’s disposal, including the advantages and challenges of adopting such a course of action. Therefore, appropriate reasons will be set forth for supporting the rationale behind implementing the recommended strategy. Discussion The fact that the existing system prevailing within the organization posed numerous problems in the operational activity of the business that resulted in the system’s inability to meet the sales demand, explains the reason why modification of the existing system would not be an efficient and effective strategy. Thus, the alternative option at the company’s disposal is to implement a new Enterprise Resource Planning system that would help the company recover from the existing level of instability. The new system will enable the company to manage all the integral and external business process effectively and independently. This highlights the necess ity for bringing about a complete change in the system as modification of the existing system, would not be a viable option that can eliminate all the loopholes present in the company’s resource management framework. An outright change in the system by purchasing and implementing a new Enterprise Resource planning mechanism will enable the company to meet the rising demand for sales in an appropriate manner (Cassidy, 1996). It would help to ensure that total

Inter-Professional Education, Working and Learning

Inter-Professional Education, Working and Learning What do you understand by the terms inter professional education (IPE), inter professional working (IPW) and enquiry based learning (EBL)? Discuss the potential benefits and difficulties associated with them The modern NHS is constantly evolving and arguably has done so since its inception. This evolution has been on many different levels. In this essay we shall consider some of the changes in the professional working and learning practices of the nurse with consideration of the topics of inter professional education (IPE), inter professional working (IPW) and enquiry based learning (EBL). We shall consider each in turn and then examine its relevance to modern day practice. Interprofessional education (IPE), IPE has been defined in a number of ways. One of the most complete is: The application of principles of adult learning to interactive, group-based learning, which relates collaborative learning to collaborative practice within a coherent rationale which is informed by understanding of interpersonal, group, inter-group, organisational and inter-organisational relations and processes of professionalisation. (Gough D.A et al. 2003) When reading the literature on the subject, one quickly becomes aware that there are a number of commonly used terms that are virtually synonymous with IPE, and contribute to the â€Å"semantic quagmire† referred to in the McPhearson paper (discussed later) that surrounds terms such as multi-disciplinary learning and multi-professional education. (Scottish Office 1998). In broad terms they describe the process whereby two (or more) professions or disciplines come together for the purposes of learning (Jackson, N et al. 2004). The important functional features of such a system are not that the individuals concerned learn the same material together but that there is a learning both about and from each other to improve collaboration and the overall quality of care provided and it is this latter feature which distinguishes the term IPE from the rest of the group mentioned earlier. (NCIHE 1997) The emergence of multidisciplinary teamwork and the seamless interface concepts (Yura H et al. 1998) have highlighted the need for smoother integration of both processes and knowledge (as well as other less tangible concepts such as mutual respect and understanding) between the caring professions. (CAIPE 1997) Quite apart from the ideological requirement for such processes to be adopted, we note that there is an increased pressure of guidances coming from central sources, primarily the Dept. of Health, that specify IPE as essential to the task of healthcare professionals and also a number of enquiry reports (such as the Kennedy report and other in the field of child abuse and mental health such as the Laming inquiry (2003)) that have highlighted the need for strengthening both IPE and interprofessional working Interprofessional Working (IPW) IPW is, to a large extent, a direct and natural consequence from the adoption of the concepts of IPE. (Molyneux J 2001). In essence, it describes the process of healthcare professionals collaborating in working together more effectively to improve the quality of patient care thereby allowing for both flexible and coordinated services and a skilled and responsive workforce. (McNair R et al. 2001). We should note that the adoption of IPW is seen as a key element in the optimum working of multidisciplinary team working which allows healthcare professionals to work competently and confidently across previously defined professional boundaries and it enables effective role substitution (Finch J et al. 2000) Enquiry based learning (EBL) This is essentially a description of a process of learning that is driven by a process of enquiry. It is complementary to the process of project based learning (PBL) which is determined by the end point of the solution of a problem and usually requires the creation of a finished product such as a project report or a dissertation. EBL is characterised by deep involvement and engagement with a complex problem and incorporates structures and forms of support which can help the student carry out their enquiries and can cover a broad spectrum of different approaches. The characteristic feature of this type of structured learning is that the tutor establishes the topic and the student then pursues their own lines of enquiry, both seeking evidence to support their views and also taking responsibility to present this evidence appropriately. In the words of Barrett: It promotes personal research†¦ the student becomes familiar with the multifarious resources at their disposal such as e-journals and databases. There is the opportunity to support one another in research and explore different avenues of information. The whole experience becomes one of interchange where students can share opinions, research and experience to achieve an end result. (Barrett et al. 2005) Collaborative working In essence, the forgoing paragraphs all come under the over-reaching concept of collaborative working. This is not an isolated academic concept, it is a very practical one. The literature on the subject is very informative. If we consider a number of specific examples from recent journals, we can cite the paper by Rogowski (J A et al. 2001) which produced an ingenious design of study to assess the degree to which a number of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) could make improvements in both the quality of care and also the economic functioning of their departments by embracing the concept of collaborative multidisciplinary working. Ten NICUs adopted the collaborative multidisciplinary working model and their outcomes were compared with nine â€Å"controls† who did not. The paper is both long and complex and the analysis is exhaustive but, in essence, the authors concluded that such collaborative working practices could certainly achieve cost savings (which were comparativel y easy to quantify). They noted that these were certainly obtainable in the short term and most were sustainable in the long term. They also commented on the improvements in the quality of care parameters (which were much harder to quantify). There was an improvement in a number of indices of quality of care including patient (parent) satisfaction levels, staff satisfaction levels and this was not accompanied by any reduction in clinical outcome. On a wider consideration, one can turn to the paper by Anderson (P et al. 2003) Which describes the WHO’s collaborative survey on the management of alcohol problems in a primary health care setting. The paper starts with the premise that the handling of alcohol-related problems in primary healthcare is poor (and cites many reasons for this). (Aalto, M et al. 2001) . The relevance to our discussions here is that the paper considers the outcomes in this area when such problems are treated by the GP alone and when they are treated by a multidisciplinary primary healthcare team (IPW) and it is clear that the later group has a generally better outcome. These two papers are presented to support the hypotheses that IPW and collaborative working are not simply new mechanisms without foundation or substance, they are a demonstration of their ability to work in a practical field. If we now consider the benefits and shortcomings of IPE and IPW within the context of the modern NHS, we note that there is not only a consideration of the benefits of IPW between the various healthcare professional’s specialties but some authors also call for IPW between those healthcare professionals who work in primary healthcare teams and those who work in a hospital setting. The current structure of the NHS is such that hospital based practitioners tend to train, work, and have their horizons limited by the confines of the hospital environment. When the patient leaves this environment they become â€Å"someone else’s problem† and the care is then taken over by another team of healthcare professionals. Parsell ( G, et al. 1998) calls for both IPE and IPW to accommodate this rather artificial divide and to educate healthcare professionals into the consideration that it is the patient who is the constant factor and that considerable levels of collaborative work ing are required to provide optimum levels of patient care. A more recent paper by McPherson (K et al. 2001) takes this argument a stage further. It is both analytical and well written and the authors have an impressive pedigree (two professors of medicine and a lecturer in health administration). The paper puts education at the centre of the modernisation debate They make the very pertinent observation: Most health needs require the collaboration of a group of health professionals. The professionals involved may work together in the same space or be scattered throughout several hospital departments or sectors of care. Whether or not the caregivers see themselves as part of a team, each patient depends on the performance of the whole. The paper then makes a number of analyses form both practical experience of the authors and the current literature. They suggest that, in order to work well a work group or team should have the following characteristics: Clear aim: shared understanding of goals. Clear processes: knowledge of (and respect for) others contributions, good communication, conflict management, matching of roles and training to the task. (Headrick L A et al. 1998) Flexible structures that support such processes: skilled staff, appropriate staffing mix, responsive and proactive leadership that emphasises excellence, effective team meetings, documentation that facilitates sharing of knowledge, access to needed resources, and appropriate rewards. (Firth-Cozens J 2000) The authors cite an impressive and persuasive evidence base that IPW and collaborative working have been demonstrated to produce patient benefit in a number of specific areas including reduced mortality for the elderly. (Rubenstein L Z et al. 1991), morbidity after CVA (Langhorne P et al. 2001) and mortality after CABG (OConnor G T et al. 1996) to mention just three. Despite these clear and demonstrable benefits, the authors make the point that IPW is not just something that happens when professional training is completed, it should ideally be considered as part of a continuum of learning starting with the pre-qualification experience, continuing into postgraduate education, and extending into continuing professional development. They make a call (which has been echoed by many others viz. CGME 2000) for learning in the field of healthcare to be about healthcare as a whole, rather than a series of disjointed â€Å"chapters† in order to help the developing healthcare professionals to acquire a deeper understanding of the processes of care and also to prepare the professionals to be in a better position to contribute to the development of a better system in the fullness of time One of the impediments to a wholehearted embracing of these concepts is perhaps a clinging onto the older concepts of trying to blur boundaries between what a nurse and a doctor might do or perhaps how an occupational therapist or a psychologist might approach management issues. It seems to be a fundamental issue that need to collectively understand the different ways of thinking and problem solving that the different specialties require so that the different skills and knowledge bases can be combined in a way that benefits patients. (Koppel I et al. 2001) Part of the requirement of the writing of this essay is to reflect on the experiences gained in the EBL group work and the learning derived from the research for this essay. Gibbs reflective model is ideal for this purpose. The descriptive elements are largely contained within this essay and, in addition, my experiences within the various groups. It has to be said that the groups that I was involved with were largely harmonious and entered into the various learning exercises in a spirit of self-help. I am aware however, that a number of the other groups did not share this experience and I have been told about a number of heated discussions that apparently tool place within these other groups. My feelings are that instinctively I find the former more conducive to a positive learning experience. Although it can be useful to enter into a heated debate on a subject, it rarely helps to persuade you to a different point of view. (Taylor, E. 2000). The evaluation of the episode was that it gave me a personal insight into how other healthcare professionals consider and manage problems in their own sphere and, as such, I feel that I have learned a great deal and formed a deeper understanding of their perceptions and knowledge of certain issues. In terms of what I might have done differently, I believe that I was able to assimilate a great deal of useful information from these groups which will almost certainly help me in my professional career. On reflection, I think that I was not as vociferous as I might have been in putting my own viewpoint forward, and it occurred to me that the other healthcare professionals in the group may therefore not have had the same opportunity to assimilate my particular viewpoints and opinions and may therefore have been disadvantaged by this. (Palmer 2005). It is certainly clear to me that there is considerable benefit to be obtained in both IPE and IPW and the mechanism of EBL is a valuable tool to obtaining that benefit. In terms of a discrete action plan, I have every intention of engaging as fully as I can in any further measures in this regard and will try to make my own viewpoint available for others to assess and assimilate as actively as I have tried to assess and assimilate theirs. (Van Manen, M. 1997). I feel that this is a positive step in making all of us more fully professional and able to contribute more fully to the healthcare systems that we will eventually work in. References Aalto, M., Pekuri, P. and Seppa K. (2001)  Primary health care nurses and physicians attitudes, knowledge and beliefs regarding brief intervention for heavy drinkers.  Addiction 96 : 305–311 Anderson P, Eileen Kaner, Sonia Wutzke, Michel Wensing, Richard Grol, Nick Heather, and John Saunders 2003 ATTITUDES AND MANAGEMENT OF ALCOHOL PROBLEMS IN GENERAL PRACTICE: DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS BASED ON FINDINGS OF A WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE SURVEY Alcohol Alcohol., November/December 2003 ; 38 : 597 601. Barrett T, MacIbrahim I, Fallon H (eds) 2005  Handbook of enquiry and problem based learning  Galaway : CELT 2005 CAIPE (1997)  Interprofessional Education A Definition.  CAIPE Bulletin. No. 13, 19. CGME 2000  Council on Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Council on Nurse Education and Practice. Collaborative education to ensure patient safety: report to US Department of Health and Human Services and Congress. A Report on a Joint COGME-NACNEP meeting and implications of the IOM Report. Washington, DC: Health Resources and Services Administration, 2000 : 9–18. Finch J, May C Mair F et al 2000  Interprofessional education and teamworking: a view from the education providers.  British Medical Journal 321 : 1138-40. Firth-Cozens J. 2001  Multidisciplinary teamwork: the good, bad, and everything in between.  Quality in Health Care 2001 ; 10 : 65–6. Gibbs, G 1988  Learning by doing: A guide to Teaching and Learning methods EMU Oxford Brookes University, Oxford. 1988 Gough D.A., Kiwan D., Sutcliffe K., Simpson D. Houghton N. (2003).  A systematic map and synthesis review of the effectiveness of personal development planning for improvement student learning  London : EPPICentre, Social Science Research Unit. 2003 Headrick L A, Wilcock O M, Batalden P B. 1998  Interprofessional working and continuing medical education.  British Medical Journal 1998 ; 316 : 771–4 Jackson, N. Ward, R. 2004  A fresh perspective on progress files. A way of representing complex learning and achievement in higher education  Assessment Evaluation in Higher Education Vol. 29 : No. 4, August 2004. Koppel I, Barr H, Reeves S, et al. 2001  Establishing a systematic approach to evaluating the effectiveness of interprofessional education.  Issues in Interdisciplinary Care 2001 ; 3 : 41–9. Laming, Lord. 2003  The Victoria Climbie inquiry: report of an inquiry by Lord Laming.  London: The Stationery Office. 2003 Langhorne P, Duncan P. 2001  Does the organization of postacute stroke care really matter?  Stroke 2001 ; 32 : 268–74. McNair R, Brown R Stone N et al (2001)  Rural interprofessional education: promoting teamwork in primary health care education and practice.  Australian Journal of Rural Health 9 : s19-s26. McPherson K, L Headrick, and F Moss 2001 Working and learning together: good quality care depends on it, but how can we achieve it? Qual. Health Care, Dec 2001 ; 10 : 46 53. Molyneux, J. (2001)  Interprofessional teamworking:what makes teams work well?  Journal of interprofessional care. vol. 15. (1) p29-35. NCIHE 1997  The National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education (1997) Higher education in the learning society : Report of the National Committee of Inquiry into higher Education  London : HMSO. 1997 OConnor G T, Plume S K, Olmstead E M, et al. 1996  A regional intervention to improve the hospital mortality associated with coronary artery bypass graft surgery. JAMA 1996 ; 275 : 841–6  Palmer 2005  In Learning about reflection from the student Bulpitt and Martin Active Learning in Higher Education. 2005 ; 6 : 207-217.  Parsell G and J Bligh 1998 Interprofessional learning Postgrad. Med. J., Feb 1998 ; 74 : 89 95. Rogowski J A, Jeffrey D. Horbar, Paul E. Plsek, Linda Schuurmann Baker, Julie Deterding, William H. Edwards, James Hocker, Anand D. Kantak, Patrick Lewallen, William Lewis, Eugene Lewit, Connie J. McCarroll, Dennis Mujsce, Nathaniel R. Payne, Patricia Shiono, Roger F. Soll, and Kathy Leahy 2001 Economic Implications of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Collaborative Quality Improvement Pediatrics, Jan 2001 ; 107 : 23 29. Rubenstein L Z, Stuck A E, Siu A L, et al. 1991  Impacts of geriatric evaluation and management programs on defined outcomes: overview of the evidence.  J Am Geriatr Soc 1991 ; 39 : 8–16S ; discussion 17–18S. Scottish Office (1998)  Higher Education for the 21st Century: Response to the Garrick Report.  London: HMSO. 1998 Taylor, E. (2000).  Building upon the theoretical debate: A critical review of the empirical studies of Mezirow’s transformative learning theory.  Adult Education Quarterly, 48 (1) , 34-59. Van Manen, M. (1997)  Linking Ways of Knowing with Ways of being Practical.  Curriculum Inquiry 6 (3) , 205-228. Yura H, Walsh M. 1998  The nursing process. Assessing, planning, implementing, evaluating. 5th edition. 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Multicultural Counseling Critique Essay -- Counseling

Multicultural Counseling Critique: Counseling Utilization by Ethnic Minority College Students Although the practice of counseling has evolved considerably since its inception, the concept of multicultural competence remains novel. Engrossed in the lives of every clinician are underlined biases and prejudices that act as filters in which every interaction with a clients is affected. Current research on the topic of multicultural counseling has shown that although multicultural awareness is on the rise there is still a remarkable gap in research regarding the use of counseling service and outcomes for racial and ethnic minorities (Kerney,Draper, & Baron, 2005). Insights such as these have encouraged researchers to investigate multicultural counseling, on many different levels of delivery. One such level is that of the university counseling center setting. Kerney, Draper, & Baron (2005) suggest that in order to address the need for research on the effectiveness of therapy for minorities, one must examine the current effectiveness of therapy on university campuses and the coincid ing utilization of counseling services by racial and ethnic minorities. In order to do this the researchers examined the differences among African American, Asian American, Latino, and Caucasian students in therapy attendance after intake, and the severity of distress at both intake and last session (Kerney,Draper, & Baron, 2005). The current paper will critique the research conducted by Kerney, Draper, & Baron, in order to gain further awareness into multicultural competent methods of working with ethnic and racial minorities. The current research addressed the issue of ethnic and racial minorities’ utilization of counseling services in a university setting... ...nd racial minorities, an increased amount of attention should be focused on normalizing counseling for ethnic and racial minority students. In doing so the stigma of counseling may be decreased and increased usage of services might occur. Upon review of the current literature concerning multicultural counseling, it has become evident that a competent counselor is an individual both aware of his culture, and dually aware of his client’s cultural point of view. In order to be a counselor who is competent in his craft, an understanding of other cultures must first be accomplished, and integrated as part of a counseling modality that is both flexible and able to accommodate client concerns in whatever manner they manifest. This incorporation is crucial in becoming a more culturally aware and sensitive counselor, and is a component worth integrating into practice.

Hamlet by William Shakespeare Essay

Hamlet is a story by William Shakespeare written in 1599. This story is about Prince Hamlet’s struggles after his father’s death. Hamlet seeks revenge from his uncle for his father’s death. His uncle, Claudius sees Hamlet as a threat to his power, so he attempts to get rid of him. Unfortunately, his plan backfires, and the whole royal family dies, including Hamlet. An animated children’s Disney movie, The Lion King created in 1994, reflects Hamlet. The Lion King starts with a lion cub, Simba, who is learning the responsibilities of a king. Scar, Simba’s uncle has the desire to become the king. In order, to fulfill his dream, Scar kills king Mufasa and blames Simba. Scared and guilty Simba runs away, but returns soon after to take over his responsibility and become king. The Lion King is like a reproduction of the play Hamlet. The stories are similar and different in many ways. Here I have listed a few of many. The Hamlet and The Lion King have a lot in similar. In both of the stories, the uncle is the villain who seeks power. Simba and Hamlet both lose their fathers to what they believe is an unfortunate accident. Both of the main characters seek revenge for their father’s death and eventually kill their uncles. They are both from a royal family and the rightful heir to the throne. The characters are very similar and so is the plot. The queens, Sarabi and Gertrude have little to no power in the kingdom. Scar and Claudius are portrayed as cold and evil. Simba and Hamlet are presented as thoughtful, intelligent and emotional. Although the stories are known to have similarities, they have a lot of differences too. The most prominent difference is that Hamlet dies at the end of Hamlet, whereas the Lion King has a happy ending. Simba marries Nala and has a baby. In the Lion King, Simba is framed for Mufasa’s death so he chooses to run away, however, in Hamlet, Claudius orders Hamlet to go to England. Claudius rules pretty well, he does not ruin the kingdom like Scar. After his father’s death, Simba lives a carefree life for some years, whereas Hamlet is depressed, and on the verge of madness. Also, in Hamlet Polonius is Ophelia’s father, however in the Lion King, Zazu is not related to Nala. The differences are what make the stories unique. Disney recreated Shakespeare’s Hamlet into an animated children’s movie to make it suitable for children. They could have copied all of it, but then kids would not have liked it. The language of Hamlet is difficult to understand, whereas the Lion King uses modern words. Lion King creators did not kill Simba in the end because kids like to see happy endings. Movies created for kids should not be depressing. They put a family feeling in the movie, so more people would watch it and they would make more profit. The Lion King had a moral, like other Disney movies. Here the moral was, you have to learn to step up and keep moving forward, instead of running from your past. In my opinion, both of the stories were quite entertaining and well thought of. Disney did a great job with changing the story. They kept the major similarities but changed Shakespeare’s work into their own words. Hamlet’s tragic ending and The Lion King’s delightful ending make them remarkable. They are stories worth knowing.

Medieval Church And The Middle Ages - 1435 Words

The time period lasting from approximately 800-1500 A.D. was known as the Middle Ages. The most important component of the Middle Ages was feudalism, a system of social hierarchy. In the European feudal pyramid, the uppermost ranking was the king, followed by nobles and church officials, knights, and peasants. One’s social ranking determined their place in society as well as their amount of power. The manor system was the economic system associated with feudalism. In the manorial system, a landowner, or lord, would grant a piece of their land to someone in exchange for their service and loyalty. The person who receives the land is known as a vassal. People who worked on the lord’s manor were serfs, people who were forbidden to leave their place of birth. The medieval church played a very important role in feudal society and in the Middle Ages. The Medieval Church unified people among different classes with a similar set of beliefs in the teachings of the church. A few h undred years after the rise of feudalism, it slowly began to decline. A series of events such as the Bubonic Plague, corruption in the Medieval Church and the Crusades took place, which weakened the feudal system. Eventually, the feudal system collapsed. The Middle Ages came to an end because the feudal system, which was the basic structure of medieval society, crumbled. The Crusades brought about a new economic system, replacing the manorial system with a more trade-based economy. The crusades, or theShow MoreRelatedThe Decline of the Medieval Church at the End of the Middle Ages678 Words   |  3 PagesTowards the end of the Middle Ages and into the duration of the Renaissance, the Medieval Church’s social and political power dwindled. Centuries prior the Catholic Church gained a surplus of control, largely due to the stability it maintained during the chaotic breakdown of the Western Roman Empire . 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